1. 前言

就像备份数据库一样，很多时候，我们也想对k8s资源配置进行备份。

1	kubectl get all --all-namespaces -o yaml > all-deploy-services.yaml

上面的方法，可以实现对k8s资源配置的备份。但是更好的办法，是对etcd进行备份。本文就学习一下k8s中etcd的备份和恢复方法。

2. 安装etcdctl

1、查看etcd版本

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kubectl get pod/etcd-$nodename -n kube-system -oyaml | grep image
# or
cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml | grep image

2、下载对应版本的etcdctl（这里以3.4.13为例）

wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.13/etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzvf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcdctl /usr/local/bin/
ln -s /usr/local/bin/etcdctl /usr/bin/etcdctl

3、测试

1	etcdctl version

3. 查看etcd集群状态

HOST_1=10.240.0.17
HOST_2=10.240.0.18
HOST_3=10.240.0.19
ENDPOINTS=$HOST_1:2379,$HOST_2:2379,$HOST_3:2379
etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS member list
etcdctl --write-out=table --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS endpoint status
etcdctl --endpoints=$ENDPOINTS endpoint health

4. 备份etcd数据

1、查看配置

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kubectl describe pod etcd-master -n kube-system | grep Command -i -A 20
# or
cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml | grep Command -i -A 20

看到Command字段为：

Command:
  etcd
  --advertise-client-urls=https://172.17.0.10:2379
  --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt
  --client-cert-auth=true
  --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
  --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.17.0.10:2380
  --initial-cluster=master=https://172.17.0.10:2380
  --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key
  --listen-client-urls=https://127.0.0.1:2379,https://172.17.0.10:2379
  --listen-metrics-urls=http://127.0.0.1:2381
  --listen-peer-urls=https://172.17.0.10:2380
  --name=master
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.crt
  --peer-client-cert-auth=true
  --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/peer.key
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
  --snapshot-count=10000
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt

2、执行备份

ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://[127.0.0.1]:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
--cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \
--key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \
snapshot save /tmp/snapshot-pre-boot.db

3、查看备份

ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://[127.0.0.1]:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
--cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \
--key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \
snapshot status /tmp/snapshot-pre-boot.db -w table

5. 恢复etcd数据

1、恢复etcd数据

ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl \
--endpoints=https://[127.0.0.1]:2379 \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
--cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \
--key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \
--initial-cluster=master=https://127.0.0.1:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://127.0.0.1:2380 \
--name=master \
--data-dir /var/lib/etcd-from-backup \
snapshot restore /tmp/snapshot-pre-boot.db

2、修改etcd.yaml

1	vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml

如下修改：

# Update --data-dir to use new target location
--data-dir=/var/lib/etcd-from-backup

# Update new initial-cluster-token to specify new cluster
--initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1

# Update volumes and volume mounts to point to new path
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/lib/etcd-from-backup
      name: etcd-data
    - mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
      name: etcd-certs
  hostNetwork: true
  priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
  volumes:
  - hostPath:
      path: /var/lib/etcd-from-backup
      type: DirectoryOrCreate
    name: etcd-data
  - hostPath:
      path: /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
      type: DirectoryOrCreate
    name: etcd-certs

6. sealos + etcd

如果是使用sealos安装的k8s集群，那么会有一个默认备份机制，etcd会定期备份到master节点的 /var/lib/etcd/member/snap 目录中。

如果想要手动执行备份，也是可以的：

kubectl exec -it etcd-k8s-master-0 -n kube-system -- /bin/sh

ETCDCTL_API=3 /usr/local/bin/etcdctl \
  --endpoints https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
  --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
  --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt \
  --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key \
  snapshot save /var/lib/etcd/etcd_backup.db

一个计算机技术爱好者与学习者

好好学K8S：K8S集群中etcd备份和恢复