Python包管理工具pip

pip简介

Pip is a package-management system written in Python and is used to install and manage software packages. The Python Software Foundation recommends using pip for installing Python applications and its dependencies during deployment. Pip connects to an online repository of public packages, called the Python Package Index. Pip can be configured to connect to other package repositories (local or remote), provided that they comply to Python Enhancement Proposal 503.

Most distributions of Python come with pip preinstalled. Python 2.7.9 and later (on the python2 series), and Python 3.4 and later include pip by default.

参考文档：

• Wikipedia - pip
• 《Python软件仓库PyPI》

安装pip

低版本的python没有默认安装pip，这时就需要手动安装。

方法一：

python -m ensurepip

方法二：

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

查看pip路径

查找默认python的pip路径

which pip
which python

查看特定python的pip路径，已知python路径为/path/to/python

ls -l /path/to/pip
/path/to/python -m pip --version

pip bin一般和python bin在相同路径。

ModuleNotFoundError处理方法

python 报错 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘xxx’ ，该怎么找到module对应的package？

一般情况下，直接执行pip install安装package即可

pip install xxx

但是，某些情况下xxx这个module，对应的package名称并不是xxx，这时可以通过搜索引擎或者chatgpt查找xxx这个module对应的package。

module和package的对应关系，可以参考《Python基础》

pip常用命令

安装软件包

pip install requests

安装软件包，指定pypi进行加速

pip install requests -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

安装指定版本的软件包

pip install requests==2.25.1

下载软件包但不安装

pip download requests -d "./"

查看软件包

pip show requests
pip show -f requests

查看需要升级的软件包

pip list -o

升级软件包

pip install --upgrade requests
pip install -U requests

卸载软件包

pip uninstall requests

查看兼容问题

pip check package_name
pip check # 检查所有包